중금속 함유 파자르수유 하천수의 종합 독성 스크리닝과 라이코펜의 보호 역할

 0.05). This result shows that lycopene application alone did not cause any abnormality in germination-related parameters. Stream water application caused a decrease in all investigated physiological parameters. Compared to Group I (control), the germination percentage decreased by half (50%), root length approximately 3.64 times (73%) and weight approximately 3.06 times (68%) in Group IV treated with stream water. These decreases were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). In Group V and Group VI, in which stream water and lycopene were applied together, lycopene decreased the effects of heavy metals in the stream water and again caused statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases in the investigated physiological parameter values. It was observed that these observed increases were more pronounced at the 430 mg/L dose of lycopene. Compared to Group IV treated with stream water, the percentage of germination increased by 25%, root length by 2 times (100%) and weight by approximately 1.97 times (98%) in Group VI treated with 430 mg/L dose of lycopene./p> 0.05). However, exposure to stream water caused statistically significant (p < 0.05) DNA damage in A. cepa root tip cells. While the mean DNA damage score was 11.33 ± 0.72 in the control group (Group I), there was a sharp increase in Group IV with stream water alone and the mean DNA damage score was 215.17 ± 8.91. In Group V, where stream water and 215 mg/L lycopene were given together, the DNA damage score decreased to 172.67 ± 12.89. In Group VI, where 430 mg/L lycopene was given together with stream water, the DNA damage score decreased further to 139.67 ± 13.03. The increase in DNA damage score due to stream water exposure indicates that heavy metal ions in stream water induce DNA double-strand breaks in A. cepa root tip cells. On the other hand, it was determined that there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference between the DNA damage scores determined in Group IV exposed to stream water and in groups (Group V and VI) treated with lycopene together with stream water. The Comet test is a reliable test used to detect DNA single-strand breaks in all cell types. In the Comet test, damaged DNA displays a "comet" structure on electrophoresis, and the percentage of DNA in the tail is directly proportional to the damage40. The high DNA damage score in the stream water applied group indicates DNA fragmentation and DNA chain breaks. These damages also confirm the genotoxic effect detected by MN and CA tests. Similarly, Scalon et al.41 investigated the genotoxic effect of heavy metal-contaminated stream water application as a result of industrial discharges with the comet test in Hyphessobrycon luetkenii (Boulenger) and reported that water samples containing heavy metals had a genotoxic effect by causing DNA fragmentation./p> 0.05) difference between the control group and the lycopene-only groups in terms of the tested parameters. Significant changes were observed in the levels of MDA, SOD and CAT in the stream water applied group. Compared to the control group, MDA level increased by approximately 2.90-fold, SOD activity by 2.84-fold and CAT activity by 2.68-fold in Group IV treated with stream water. Co-administration of stream water and lycopene reduced the effects of heavy metals and caused a decrease in the levels of the investigated biochemical parameters. It was observed that this decrease was more pronounced at the 430 mg/L lycopene dose. In Group VI treated with 430 mg/L lycopene MDA level decreased approximately 1.82-fold, SOD activity 1.43-fold and CAT activity 1.39-fold compared to Group IV treated with stream water./p>